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Mining and stockpile survey: volume from the air

5 min readBy ShadowVu

In mining, volume is value, and it must be measured accurately, safely and often. This article explains how ShadowVu delivers stockpile and pit volumetrics from the air, together with geotechnical and environmental survey, as a repeatable programme rather than a contracted one-off.

In mining, volume is value. The quantity of material in a stockpile, the ore moved from a pit in a month and the balance between what was planned and what was actually extracted all translate directly into revenue and into the reconciliation figures that a mine reports. Measuring that volume accurately, safely and often is therefore a core operational task rather than an occasional survey. Aerial survey from an uncrewed platform now measures stockpile and pit volumes to a standard that supports monthly reconciliation, and ShadowVu builds the airframes and payloads to do it as a repeatable programme rather than a contracted one-off.

The traditional alternative is a ground survey, which sends a surveyor to walk a stockpile with satellite positioning equipment or a total station. On loose, steep and shifting material that is slow, and it carries real risk. An aerial survey removes the person from the slope. A rotary airframe such as the QC1 Ranger, or the larger QC2 Huey for heavier sensor loads, captures the full surface of a stockpile in a single flight, and a fixed-wing FW1 Hawk covers an open pit or a large tailings area on one long sortie. What took a team a shift can be captured in a fraction of the time and repeated whenever the stock changes.

The measurement itself comes from photogrammetry supported by precise positioning. Flown with an RTK survey payload and centimetre-accurate navigation, the aircraft records overlapping imagery that is reconstructed into a dense surface model of the stockpile or excavation. Volume is then computed against a base surface or a previous survey, and the same method yields toe and crest lines, slope angles and surface areas. Because the aircraft holds centimetre positioning, successive surveys register against one another closely, so the change between two dates reflects material moved rather than survey noise.

Frequency is where aerial survey changes the management of a site. A ground campaign that was affordable once a quarter can become a monthly or even weekly capture from the air, and each capture is a full three-dimensional record rather than a scatter of measured points. Comparing consecutive surfaces gives an auditable measure of material added to and drawn from each stockpile, which supports reconciliation between the plan, the survey and the plant. The record is georeferenced and repeatable, so a disputed figure can be checked against the underlying model.

Volumetrics is the headline application, but the same flights serve the wider site. The surface models support pit-wall and slope monitoring, where small movements observed over successive surveys give early warning of instability. Haul roads, benches and drainage can be assessed for condition, and a multispectral payload extends the work into environmental monitoring of vegetation, water and disturbed ground around tailings facilities. One platform and one set of flights therefore produce survey, geotechnical and environmental information from a single mobilisation.

A mine is one of the harshest environments in which any equipment operates. Dust, grit, vibration, heat and long distances between the pit and any workshop all punish an airframe. ShadowVu platforms are field-repairable with ordinary tools after a thirty-foot drop, assemble in roughly three minutes using the Click-Fit method, and are approximately 85 percent manufactured in house. The five airframes share a common parts bin, so a site holds and understands one inventory of spares. An aircraft damaged on shift can be returned to service on shift, which is what keeps a survey programme on schedule at a remote operation.

Persistent coverage suits a mine that surveys the same ground repeatedly. The Quad-Dock, an autonomous weatherised dock, enables beyond visual line of sight operation from a fixed point on the site, so scheduled volumetric flights can run without a pilot mobilising for each one. A stockpile yard or an active pit can be captured on a fixed cadence, the aircraft returning to the dock to recharge under weather protection between sorties. Survey then becomes a standing service that produces a continuous volumetric record.

Positioning runs from one to three metres on standard GPS to centimetres on RTK, so a task can be matched to the accuracy it needs, and ground control through TAK, ATAK and QGroundControl integrates the flights with existing site systems, with mobile or satellite communications for remote pits. The platform is manufactured in the United Kingdom through a secure supply chain. For a mining operator weighing procurement, the argument is a single sovereign platform that delivers stockpile volumetrics, geotechnical monitoring and environmental survey together, scales with the operation and remains serviceable in the field. Accurate volume, measured often and defensibly, is the foundation of an honest reconciliation, and that is precisely what an aerial survey programme is built to provide.

ShadowVu® is a UK registered trademark and Quad-Dock™ is a trademark of ShadowVu Ltd. Capacity figures quoted are designed platform targets at full build-out.